biodiversity and conservation Handwritten Notes PDF

Description

Introduction to Biodiversity

Definition of Biodiversity

Levels of Biodiversity

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

2. Importance of Biodiversity

Ecological Balance

Economic Value

Aesthetic Value

Cultural Importance

3. Threats to Biodiversity

Habitat Destruction

Pollution

Climate Change

Overexploitation

Invasive Species

4. Conservation of Biodiversity

In-situ Conservation

Protected Areas

National Parks

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Biosphere Reserves

Sacred Groves

Ex-situ Conservation

Botanical Gardens

Zoos

Seed Banks

Cryopreservation

5. Biodiversity Hotspots

Definition and Importance

Criteria for Hotspots

Examples of Global and Indian Biodiversity Hotspots

6. International Efforts for Biodiversity Conservation

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List

National Efforts for Biodiversity Conservation

National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)

Biodiversity Act, 2002

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Project Tiger

Project Elephant

Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves

8. Biodiversity Monitoring and Documentation

Biodiversity Databases

Biodiversity Informatics

Citizen Science and Biodiversity

9. Role of Communities in Conservation

Community-based Conservation

Role of Indigenous Peoples

Eco-tourism and Conservation

10. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

Definition of Sustainable Development

Principles of Sustainable Use of Biodiversity

Integrating Biodiversity in Development Plans

11. Case Studies and Success Stories

Successful Conservation Programs

Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems

Community-led Conservation Initiatives