Format: PDF • Chapter: 8 (Controlling) • Session: 2025-26 • Syllabus: CBSE / NCERT aligned
Chapter 8 Controlling is one of the most important functions of management. It ensures that activities are performed as per the plan and deviations are corrected. These handwritten notes PDF make this chapter easier with simplified definitions, flowcharts, and exam-oriented explanations.
📖 Topics covered (Chapter 8 — Controlling)
- Meaning and Definition of Controlling
- Features of Controlling
- Importance of Controlling
- Limitations of Controlling
- Relationship between Planning and Controlling
- Process of Controlling
- Setting Performance Standards
- Measurement of Actual Performance
- Comparison of Actual with Standards
- Analyzing Deviations
- Taking Corrective Actions
- Exam-based Case Studies
📘 What’s included in the handwritten notes PDF?
- Key definitions and examples of controlling in business.
- Flowchart of the controlling process for easy memorization.
- Tables showing differences: Planning vs Controlling.
- Chapter summary and quick revision chart.
- Previous year CBSE exam questions with solutions.
📥 How to download
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📥 Download Chapter 8 — Controlling (Handwritten Notes PDF)
📝 How to study this chapter
- Revise the process of controlling with a flowchart.
- Learn the relationship between planning and controlling with examples.
- Memorise at least 4–5 points for features, importance, and limitations.
- Practice previous year questions to score better.
📌 Quick exam tips
- Always include the flowchart of controlling process in answers.
- For 6-mark questions, write points in headings and explain briefly.
- Prepare differences like Planning vs Controlling in tabular form.
- Case studies usually ask to identify steps of controlling → focus here.
🔍 SEO Keywords
Class 12 Business Studies Controlling notes PDF, Chapter 8 Handwritten Notes 2025-26, Features of Controlling, Process of Controlling, Planning and Controlling relationship notes free download
FAQ
Q. What are the steps in the controlling process?
There are five steps: Setting performance standards, Measuring actual performance, Comparing actual with standards, Analyzing deviations, and Taking corrective action.
Q. How is planning related to controlling?
Planning sets the goals, while controlling ensures that activities are going as per the plan. They are inseparable twins of management.
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